International Circulation: Residual risks for T2DM patients are much higher compared to non diabetics even on high anti-hypertensive hypoglycemic and LDL-C reduction therapy， what are the reasons for this?
　　Prof Alberto Zambon: The risk of macro and micro-vascular complications remains consistently high even under the best standard of care. The reason for this is that there are macro and micro-vascular complications we can modify and then there are those we cannot modify. We will never reduce the risk of these complications down to zero. On the other hand those complications which are modifiable are definitely under treated and this is one of the reasons why they remain high in T2DM patients.
　　International Circulation: What’s the relationship between T2DM and atherogenic dyslipidemia? Why is atherogenic dyslipidemia more dangerous in T2DM patients?
　　Prof Alberto Zambon: The risk of atherogenic dyslipidemia is consistently high because it is a major component of the pathophysiological pathway that leads to insulin resistance. What is atherogenic dyslipidemia? It is the reduction in the bodies good cholesterol， increased levels of triglycerides and even though levels of the bad cholesterol (LDL) in most of the times are only mildly elevated， the lipoproteins that carry the LDL cholesterol are particularly nasty because they are small， dense and easily oxidized. Collectively， these factors make them dangerous for the arterial wall.